Economic Basics: Supply And Demand
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Economic Basics: Supply And Demand
Author:
Matt Johnson (438)
Objective:

Define the basic principles of the two most important laws in economics; the law of supply and the law of demand.

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Supply And Demand, Definitions.

In the context of supply and demand discussions, demand refers to the quantity of a good that is desired by buyers. An important distinction to make is the difference between demand and the quantitiy demanded. The quantity demanded refers to the specific amount of that product that buyers are willing to buy at a given price. This relationship between price and the quantity of product demanded at that price is defined as the demand relationship.

Supply is defined as the total quantity of a product or service that the marketplace can offer. The quantity supplied is the amount of a product/service that suppliers are willing to supply at a given price. This relationship between price and the ammount of a good/service supplied is known as the supply relationship.

When thinking about demand and supply together, the supply relationship and demand relationship basically mirror eachother at equilibrium. At equilibrium, the quantity supplied and quantity demanded intersect and are equal.

In the diagram below, supply is illustrated by the upward sloping blue line and demand is illustrated by the downward sloping green line. At a price of P* and a quantity of Q*, the quantity demanded and the supply demanded intersect at the Equilibirum Price. At equilibrium price, suppliers are selling all the goods that they have produced and consumers are getting all the goods that they are demanding. This is the optimal economic condition, where both consumers and producers of goods and services are satisfied.

The Law Of Demand

Very simply, the law of demand states that if all other factors remain constant, if a good's price is higher, fewer people will demand it. As the price of that good goes down, the quantity of that good that the market will demand will increase. In the diagram below, you see this relationship. At price P1, the quanity of that good demanded is Q1. If the price of this good were to be decreased to P2, the quantity of that good demanded would increase to Q2. The same is true for P3 and Q3. When prices move up or down (assuming all else is constant), the quantity demanded will move up or down the demand curve and define the new quantity demanded.

The Law Of Supply

After understanding the law of demand, the law of supply is simple, it's effectively the inverse of the law of demand. The law of supply states that as the price rises for a given product/service, suppliers are willing to supply more. Selling more goods/services at a higher price means more revenue. In the diagram below, you can see that as the price shifts from P1 to P2, the quantity supplied of that good shifts from Q1 to Q2. The movement in price (up or down) causes movement along the supply curve and the quantity demanded will change accordingly.

Questions and Answers


  • Answers 0
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    femi ojo (0) — 2 months ago

    how will the curve be drawn if there are no satisfaction between the suppliers of the goods and the consumers?

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  • Answers 0
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    femi ojo (0) — 2 months ago

    how will the curve be drawn if there are no satisfaction between the suppliers of the goods and the consumers?

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  • fawad khan
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    fawad khan — 5 months ago

    what is measures of enginnering worth

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  • john
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    john — 6 months ago

    what is the basic principle of the law of supply

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      Tamara Bos (0) answered 5 months ago

      As price increases, supply increases; as price decreases, supply decreases. The higher the price, the more the supplier is willing to supply and the lower the price, the less the supplier is willing to supply.

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  • john
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    john — 6 months ago

    what are examples of complementary goods

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      Lillian Hemphill (0) answered 6 months ago

      Milk and cereal, peanut butter, jelly and bread

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    Adam McIntyre (35) — about 1 year ago

    Can you please provide a real world example of where equilibrium has taken place?

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  • Answer 1
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    David Kurtzon (0) — over 2 years ago

    So what would left or right shifting of the equilibrium point indicate?

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      Author
      Matt Johnson (438) answered about 2 years ago

      Dave, a left or right shift in the equilibrium point would indicate that the demand changed (right or left) along the quantity supplied, or the supply changed (right or left) along the quantity demanded. Finally, there could be a change in both supply and demand which would change the equilibrium point. Is there a certain change you'd like to see made and a model built for?

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Academic Reviews

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    Soma Jurgensen (419) - about over 1 year ago

    "Good foundational information. More examples, interaction, would help student learning."

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    "Conceptually and factually accurate."

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