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Normally, homeostatic mechanisms within the body help to regulate our blood glucose levels. However, certain disorders result in dysregulation of blood glucose levels. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune response in which pancreatic cells don't produce insulin.
This disorder can be caused by genetics in combination with a viral infection, but usually, this disorder occurs early in life. A person who has this disorder needs to take insulin injections to regulate their glucose levels. Insulin is a hormone that helps to lower blood sugar levels. If the pancreas isn't producing insulin, the body doesn't have a way to lower blood sugar levels. If blood sugar levels climb too high, they can damage capillaries, leading to nerve damage, blindness, and even death.
Type 2 diabetes is another type of blood sugar disorder in which target cells don't respond to insulin for reasons not well understood. This type of diabetes generally shows up later in life and is often a result of a person's lifestyle and diet.
Prediabetes is a condition in which there is a slightly high blood sugar level. Think of it more as a warning sign that a person is on track to develop type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes can be reversed with diet and exercise.
Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar. A person can develop low blood sugar if they miscalculate an insulin injection and inject too much. Sometimes people develop tumors that secrete insulin, which causes blood sugar levels to decline. If there is too much insulin in the system, too much sugar is being removed from the blood, and then there's not enough fuel left over for proper brain functioning. To fix this, you would need to raise the blood sugar level.
Source: THIS WORK IS ADAPTED FROM SOPHIA AUTHOR AMANDA SODERLIND