Colors, Days, and Dates

Video Transcription

[MUSIC PLAYING] Colors, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Black is [SPEAKING SPANISH], white, [SPEAKING SPANISH], gray, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Brown is [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], red, [SPEAKING SPANISH], pink, [SPEAKING SPANISH], oftentimes shortened to [SPEAKING SPANISH], yellow, [SPEAKING SPANISH], A-M-A-R-I-L-L-O. The double L sounds like a Y, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Green is [SPEAKING SPANISH], blue, [SPEAKING SPANISH], violet or purple, [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and orange, [SPEAKING SPANISH].

Because colors are adjectives, they do agree with the nouns they describe when they are used to describe nouns. They're also nouns, so sometimes you don't have to make that modification. But if you're saying "it's a white tablet," for example, [SPEAKING SPANISH].

So any adjective that ends in an O would need to be changed to an A, the letter A ending, to make it feminine. For those colors that do not end in an O, it happens to be the same for both. So [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], it would be the same for both, and same thing for [SPEAKING SPANISH]. All the rest work for both.

The months of the year are not capitalized in Spanish. Also, you'll recognize most of them, all but January, sound like our months of the year. Try them after me. Let's start with January, [SPEAKING SPANISH], like Cinco de Mayo, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. The J is like an H. [SPEAKING SPANISH], again, the O is O, [SPEAKING SPANISH].

A long time ago, there used to be just 10 months in the calendar, and then two were added by Roman emperors. Can you guess which two were added? July and August, or [SPEAKING SPANISH], Julius and Augustus. So before they were added, [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the seventh month of the year, which made sense because "sept" is the Latin root for seven, and also, [SPEAKING SPANISH] comes from "sept." And [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the eighth month, "oct" or [SPEAKING SPANISH]. [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the ninth month, "nove" or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the 10th month, "dec" or [SPEAKING SPANISH].

The days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish either. Their calendar always starts with Monday. If you were to look at a wall calendar or a calendar on a computer, you would see Monday is the first column. So Monday is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Then comes Tuesday, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Wednesday's [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Thursday is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Friday is [SPEAKING SPANISH], Saturday, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. And Sunday is [SPEAKING SPANISH].

[SPEAKING SPANISH] comes from the word [SPEAKING SPANISH], which is "moon," "Moon-day" or "Monday." [SPEAKING SPANISH] and [SPEAKING SPANISH] are named after planets. Can you guess which two? Mars and Mercury, [SPEAKING SPANISH].

[SPEAKING SPANISH] is not astronomical in nature. But it does have a secondary meaning. It doesn't just mean Saturday. Can you guess what else it means? Sabbath. And finally, [SPEAKING SPANISH] you'll see a lot capitalized. When it's capitalized, it does not refer to the day of the week. It's a very common last name or [SPEAKING SPANISH] in Spanish.

[SPEAKING SPANISH], the date. Always state the date first, the counting number, like [SPEAKING SPANISH], then the month, and finally the year. They don't use ordinal numbers for dates like the 8th of March or the 22nd of May. They would say the 8 of March, the 22 of May. So that makes it easier since you don't have to learn the ordinal numbers. March 15, 2014 would be [SPEAKING SPANISH]. The 5th of May, 1995 was [SPEAKING SPANISH]. August 20, 2020 would be [SPEAKING SPANISH].

With years, they do not pair off the digits by twos. We would say "twenty twenty" sometimes, or "nineteen ninety-five." They would say "one thousand, nine hundred ninety-five" and they would say "two thousand twenty." The only exception to using the counting numbers, the cardinal numbers, for the dates is the very first day of the month. The first day is not [SPEAKING SPANISH]. It's [SPEAKING SPANISH], literally, "the first." They use the ordinal number only for the first of the month. So June 1, 2030 would be [SPEAKING SPANISH].

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