[MUSIC PLAYING] Colors, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Black is [SPEAKING SPANISH], white, [SPEAKING SPANISH], gray, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Brown is [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], red, [SPEAKING SPANISH], pink, [SPEAKING SPANISH], oftentimes shortened to [SPEAKING SPANISH], yellow, [SPEAKING SPANISH], A-M-A-R-I-L-L-O. The double L sounds like a Y, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Green is [SPEAKING SPANISH], blue, [SPEAKING SPANISH], violet or purple, [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and orange, [SPEAKING SPANISH].
Because colors are adjectives, they do agree with the nouns they describe when they are used to describe nouns. They're also nouns, so sometimes you don't have to make that modification. But if you're saying "it's a white tablet," for example, [SPEAKING SPANISH].
So any adjective that ends in an O would need to be changed to an A, the letter A ending, to make it feminine. For those colors that do not end in an O, it happens to be the same for both, so [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH]. It would be the same for both, and the same thing for [SPEAKING SPANISH]. All the rest work for both.
The months of the year are not capitalized in Spanish. Also, you'll recognize most of them. All but January sound like our months of the year. Try them after me. Let's start with January, [SPEAKING SPANISH], like Cinco de Mayo. [SPEAKING SPANISH]. The J's like an H, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Again, the O is O. [SPEAKING SPANISH].
A long time ago, there used to be just 10 months in the calendar, and then two were added by Roman emperors. Can you guess which two were added? July and August, or [SPEAKING SPANISH], Julius and Augustus. So before they were added, [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the seventh month of the year, which made sense because "sept" is the Latin root for seven. And also, [SPEAKING SPANISH] comes from "sept." And [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the eighth month, "oct" or [SPEAKING SPANISH]. [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the ninth month, "nove" or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and [SPEAKING SPANISH] was the 10th month, "dec" or [SPEAKING SPANISH].
The days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish either. Their calendar always starts with Monday. If you were to look at a wall calendar or a calendar on a computer, you would see Monday is the first column. So Monday is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Then comes Tuesday, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Wednesday's [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Thursday is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Friday is [SPEAKING SPANISH], Saturday, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. And Sunday is [SPEAKING SPANISH].
[SPEAKING SPANISH] comes from the word "luna," which is "moon," "Moon-day" or "Monday." [SPEAKING SPANISH] and [SPEAKING SPANISH] are named after planets. Can you guess which two? Mars and Mercury, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. [SPEAKING SPANISH] is not astronomical in nature, but it does have a secondary meaning. It doesn't just mean Saturday. Can you guess what else it means? Sabbath. And finally [SPEAKING SPANISH] you'll see a lot capitalized. When it's capitalized, it does not refer to the day of the week. It's a very common last name or [SPEAKING SPANISH] in Spanish.
[SPEAKING SPANISH], the date. Always state the date first, the counting number, like [SPEAKING SPANISH], then the month, and finally the year. They don't use ordinal numbers for dates like the 8th of March or the 22nd of May. They would say the 8 of March or the 22 of May. So that makes it easier since you don't have to learn the ordinal numbers. March 15, 2014 would be [SPEAKING SPANISH]. The 5th of May, 1995 was [SPEAKING SPANISH]. August 20, 2020 would be [SPEAKING SPANISH].
With years, they do not pair off the digits by twos. We would say "twenty twenty" sometimes or "nineteen ninety-five." They would say "one thousand, nine hundred ninety-five" and they would say "two thousand twenty." The only exception to using the counting numbers, the cardinal numbers, for the dates is the very first day of the month. The first day is not [SPEAKING SPANISH]. It's [SPEAKING SPANISH], literally, "the first." They use the ordinal number only for the first of the month. So June 1, 2030, would be [SPEAKING SPANISH].
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The following chart shows you how to say some of the most common colors in Spanish.
Spanish | English |
---|---|
negro | black |
blanco | white |
gris | gray |
café / marrón | brown |
rojo | red |
rosa | pink |
amarillo | yellow |
verde | green |
azul | blue |
violeta / morado | violet / purple |
anaranjado | orange |
The following is a list of months, beginning with January. Note that months are not capitalized in Spanish the way they are in English.
Spanish | English |
---|---|
enero | January |
febrero | February |
marzo | March |
abril | April |
mayo | May |
junio | June |
julio | July |
agosto | August |
septiembre | September |
octubre | October |
noviembre | November |
diciembre | December |
The following is a list of the days of the week in Spanish, starting with Monday. Like months, days are also not capitalized in Spanish.
Spanish | English |
---|---|
lunes | Monday |
martes | Tuesday |
miércoles | Wednesday |
jueves | Thursday |
viernes | Friday |
sábado | Saturday |
domingo | Sunday |
When expressing the date in Spanish, always state the day of the month first (e.g., "dos," "tres"), then the month, and finally the year.
EXAMPLE
March 15th, 2014 would be "el quince de marzo, dos mil catorce."The exception to this rule is the first of the month. This is referred to as el primero rather than "uno."
If you are struggling with a concept or terminology in the course, you may contact SpanishforNursesSupport@capella.edu for assistance.
If you are having technical issues, please contact learningcoach@sophia.org.
Source: This content has been adapted from "Spanish for Nurses" by Stephanie Langston.