Introduction to Cognitive Flexibility Theory

Video Transcription

Hi, my name is Ashley. And today's lesson is titled introduction to cognitive flexibility.

In today's lesson, we will look at the theory of cognitive flexibility. We'll also look at the key features of the theory. We'll decide why it's good to implement the theory in the classroom, and how cognitive flexibility is different from other traditional learning models. Lastly, we'll take a look at the best practices for when implementing the cognitive flexibility theory in your classroom.

What is cognitive flexibility? Cognitive flexibility is a theory that states that humans have the ability to be flexible and adaptable in learning situations. When it comes to learning new information, we have the ability to adjust our thinking to be receptive of new knowledge. This adjustment of our thinking allows us to better understand and operate within various learning settings and situations. According to Spiro and Jehng, cognitive flexibility means students can restructure what they know as a response to the cognitive demands of learning situations.

What are the key features of cognitive flexibility? This theory focuses primarily on the generalization of learning from one context to another. It's important that information is presented to students in multiple ways and forms so students can understand how it's all connected and related. Learning typically is related to the context in which it occurs so the instruction provided by the teacher must be very specific.

Cognitive flexibility is similar to constructivism in the way that it is built on the ideas of constructed knowledge. Students assimilate new information through observation, and make learning on their own.

Why implement cognitive flexibility? Well, according to Boger-Mehall, the way students are taught has a significant influence on the formation of cognitive structures, which includes executive functions. Executive functions are the cognitive processes that help students connect past learning experiences to present knowledge. Development of these cognitive structures help students organize and store information and be able to quickly access it.

How is cognitive flexibility different from traditional teaching? According to Spiro Feltovich, and Coulson, cognitive flexibility is different from traditional learning in many ways. Teachers must provide multiple ways to present information, such as using technology or implementing collaborative work and problem-based learning, which is not often seen in traditional models.

The teacher should also avoid oversimplification when selecting instructional materials. Learning is complex and can be difficult at times. But students must be given the opportunity to work through content in context. Normally with the traditional models, instruction is broken down to its simplest form, and then put together at the end. Teachers should present information in a case study style format that provides students with examples and context so they can construct their own understanding.

On the other hand, in traditional models, skills are presented in isolation, rather than in context. Traditional teaching is appropriate when teaching basic and more simple skills. But cognitive flexibility is more appropriate for teaching complex concepts.

What are the best practices in implementing the cognitive flexibility theory? To implement this theory, teachers should use case-based learning and collaborative groups. This allows students to have conversations about the content and share their ideas and ask questions. Students are able to refer to their prior knowledge and brainstorm with others. The activating of prior knowledge is what sets the stage for new learning to take place.

The teacher should also provide a problem or situation for students to solve within context. The students might find the problem is similar to what they have seen before. But if the teacher presents it in a new case, students must adjust their understanding in light of the new information. The emphasis is placed on the idea that students will generalize knowledge and be able to apply it on a case-by-case basis.

In today's lesson, we defined cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility is the theory that states humans have the ability to adapt to different learning situations. The key features of cognitive flexibility is that it focuses on generalization of learning. Learning tends to be related to the contexts. And like constructivism, it's built on the idea of constructing knowledge.

The theory should be implemented because it helps form cognitive structures, which help students organize and store information. Cognitive flexibility is different from traditional learning in that it provides multiple ways of information to be present. And it is appropriate for teaching more complex concepts. When implementing cognitive flexibility, it's important to use case-based learning with collaborative grouping and use problem situations to allow students to make generalizations and apply their learning.

As we bring the lesson to a close, consider all the benefits associated with the cognitive flexibility theory, and how it is helpful in the learning development of your students.

As you reflect on how this new information can be applied, you may want to explore the Additional Resources section that accompanies this video presentation. This is where you'll find links to resources chosen to help you deepen your learning and explore ways to apply your newly acquired skill set.