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For government policies to work, they will need to be politically possible. They need to target key players and decision makers who could shift behavior and have impacts on environmental issues. They need to encourage behavioral change through regulation, monitoring, and enforcement, and they need to provide education and information through various avenues.
Government capabilities to meet environmental challenges include:
| Government Action | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Taxes and Fees | Implement on substances and actions that can harm humans and the environment |
| Subsidies and Grants | Provide to encourage development of substances and human actions which are beneficial without being environmentally negative |
| Stakeholders | Facilitate and collaborate between stakeholder groups |
| Child Limitation | Pass and enforce childbirth limitation policies |
| Energy Reduction | Implement and enforce energy consumption reduction policies |
| Government Energy | Reduce energy consumption in government facilities |
| Green Politics | Improve energy sources and promote green politics |
Private businesses can improve their agricultural practices for longevity, productivity, equity, and health. They can also decrease their energy consumption and improve their energy sources.
There are some companies that market themselves as green companies but do not actually follow sustainable or green principles. When companies do this, it is called greenwashing.
EXAMPLE
Monsanto, a large genetic engineering seed company, has been accused of greenwashing. However, there are strong viewpoints both supporting and negating such accusations.Individuals can also take action by encouraging and practicing social norms and attitudes which support sustainable lifestyles. This could have widespread impacts in behavior change over time.
The original campaign to reduce, reuse, and recycle was such an effort that it resulted in an increase in people's awareness of how to manage their waste streams and how to protect the environment by improving how they disposed of waste.
There are a variety of other tools that individuals can use to address environmental issues.
| Actions for Individuals | Description |
|---|---|
| Population control | Family size can also be determined by individuals -- decisions to have less children can reduce human population growth. |
| Environmental literacy | People can become more environmentally literate and conscious by educating themselves on important topics and issues, both in their communities and abroad. As technology improves, it is becoming easier to be environmentally literate about global issues, which might have an impact on individuals' lives. |
| Green Products | People can also choose to purchase greener products, such as eating more organic foods, and use services from sustainable practicing companies. People can also choose to build homes that are more ecologically friendly. |
| Collective Action | People can take collective action by joining or supporting environmental nonprofit organizations. |
EXAMPLE
Restaurant chain Chipotle focuses on an organic and ethically-acquired product.
Source: Adapted from Sophia instructor Jensen Morgan, RECYCLE PD HTTP://BIT.LY/1D7M4O2 CHIPOTLE CC HTTP://BIT.LY/1LZAVRV
