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Experiment
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A type of study where researchers impose treatments on the participants or experimental units.
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Experimental Unit
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An animal or thing involved in an experiment.
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Observational Study
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A type of study where researchers can observe the participants, but not affect the behavior or outcomes in any way.
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Prospective Study
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A study that begins by selecting participants, tracking them, and keeping data on the subjects as they go into the future.
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Retrospective Study
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A study that observes what happened to the subjects in the past, in an effort to understand how they became the way they are in the present.
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Subjects/Participants
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The people or things being examined in an observational study.