Sources used or cited in an essay through quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing, so-called because they appear within the text of the essay itself (as opposed to in footnotes or on a references page).
Parenthetical Reference
Specific bibliographic data, contained in parentheses at the end of in-text citations.
Quotation
In an essay, a quotation is text taken directly from a source, indicated by the use of quotation marks before and after the text in question and followed by a parenthetical reference.
Signal Phrase
Words that indicate that a quote is about to follow, provide insight into the value of the quote in context of your essay, and/or state the author or title of the source.
