Resolution and Post-Conflict

1. Resolution and Post-conflict Stages

As you learned in a previous lesson, the pre-conflict stage is when an issue may be brewing, but you're not really aware of what it is. Then, of course, there's the actual conflict stage, which has several more specific stages within it.

The first of these is discomfort, or the feeling that something is wrong. Following discomfort is the incident stage, where something either minor or major happens to bring the conflict out in the open. Next often comes the misunderstanding stage, which leads to tension and then full-blown crisis.

Finally, there is the resolution stage, which is a deliberate action or group of actions to help parties meet their respective needs. When it is successful, resolution leads to post-conflict, or the relationship between parties after a conflict has been resolved.

A conflict does not have to go through all the stages before reaching resolution and post-conflict; for example, a successful intervention at the discomfort level can lead straight from discomfort down to post-conflict. Resolution can happen at any stage:

EXAMPLE

Discomfort stage: Let's say you and a group of friends have been planning a surprise party for another friend. You have all divvied up the tasks, but you're starting to feel a little uncomfortable because people aren't keeping up their part of the bargain. You feel like you are the one that's doing most of the organizing.

You're just a little uncomfortable with the situation, but you decide right away that you're going to sit down with your other friends and tell them how you’re feeling. You can all look at the list of tasks you've laid out, and revisit the responsibilities.

If the dialogue is successful, and you feel as though things are now going more smoothly, you have reached a resolution before the conflict escalated to the next stage.

EXAMPLE

Misunderstanding stage: You have been getting a lot of extra work at your job; there’s a new deadline, and the emails have been pouring in. There’s one coworker that keeps sending you emails that sound a little harsh, saying things like, "Action requested. Do this now. Where is that? I expect this by the end of the day."

You are feeling a little bullied, as this has been going on for a while. You then decide that you’re actually going to talk with this coworker; however, you end up first having a conversation with another person on your team. This person shares an extra detail about the project: your coworker is sending you the emails because she had to take on extra work for someone who’s been out sick.

Through this discussion, you find out that your coworker didn't intend anything at all by these emails. She's just overworked and is sending things out very quickly without realizing how she’s coming across.

terms to know

Resolution

A deliberate action or group of actions to help parties meet their respective and mutual needs.

Post-Conflict

The relationship between parties after a conflict has been resolved.

2. Escalation and De-escalation

As we’ve discussed before, the various stages of conflict can be revisited at any point during the conflict; a conflict can escalate or de-escalate, depending on whether or not a resolution is complete.

With escalation, a conflict moves from a less intense or harmful stage to a more intense or harmful stage. For example, an escalating conflict might move from discomfort to misunderstanding and tension.

De-escalation would be the opposite; this is the movement of a conflict from a more harmful or intense stage to a less intense or harmful one.

EXAMPLE

You clear up a misunderstanding. Things are completely solved, but you move back to feeling just a little uncomfortable. The escalation and de-escalation can continue to happen during this stage of a conflict.

EXAMPLE

If you called the police on your neighbor's party, that would be an escalation of the conflict. If you decided to invest in better sound-proofing for your windows so that the party noise would bother you less, that would be a de-escalation of the conflict.

big idea

If a resolution is incomplete, the process of escalation and de-escalation can be restarted. Once a resolution has been reached, as can happen at any level, it leads to post-conflict in which a harmonious relationship can resume between the parties.

terms to know

Escalation

Movement of a conflict from a less intense or harmful stage to a more intense or harmful one.

De-escalation

Movement of a conflict from a more intense or harmful stage to a less intense or harmful one.