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Cluster Sample
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A sampling method where the population is separated into groups, typically geographically, and a random selection of clusters is made. Each individual in the cluster becomes part of the sample.
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Clusters
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Smaller subgroups of the population, not necessarily similar in any way besides all being together in one place, making the individuals easier to sample together.
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Stratified Random Sample
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A random sampling method where individuals are separated into homogenous groups, then simple random samples are taken within each group.
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Stratum/Strata
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The homogenous groups in a stratified random sample. All individuals in each stratum have something in common, and we would like to see how that affects the outcome of the sample.