[MUSIC PLAYING] [SPEAKING SPANISH] Symptoms and conditions. It's very important that you understand the symptoms that a patient has. You can use this section as a reference when a Spanish speaking patient lists his or her symptoms for you, just like you would do with the body parts section, but you can also use it to formulate questions of your own to ask patients what their symptoms are.
When a patient gives you the information, he or she will use the first person, [SPEAKING SPANISH] form of the verb. However, if you're asking the question, then you'll be using the third person form of the verb, for [SPEAKING SPANISH] if you're speaking directly to the patient, or for [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], if you're talking to the caregiver of a patient. But remember, all three of those use the same form.
When talking about the conditions on this slide, you'll use the verb [SPEAKING SPANISH]. These are temporary conditions, so that's why we're using [SPEAKING SPANISH] to describe them. So the patient would say to you, [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and you could ask him or her, [SPEAKING SPANISH], are you, or is he, [SPEAKING SPANISH], or is she, [SPEAKING SPANISH].
And then you would pick one of the conditions from the list below. Pregnant is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. This is the only adjective in Spanish that just exists in the feminine form. Also it's a false cognate. It looks like embarrassed, but it's not. It means pregnant. Breastfeeding is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Contagious, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. To make it agree with the female, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. Dizzy is [SPEAKING SPANISH]. It comes from the word [SPEAKING SPANISH], which means sea as in seasick or dizzy.
I am hemophiliac. [SPEAKING SPANISH], or [SPEAKING SPANISH]. That's what you would hear. To ask the question, [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH] or for a female, [SPEAKING SPANISH] is used with that one because it's not a temporary condition.
For the rest of the conditions and symptoms that we will be covering, you'll be using the verb [SPEAKING SPANISH], which means to have. You can ask [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and then listen for [SPEAKING SPANISH] or just [SPEAKING SPANISH], for I have. Here's a sample dialogue.
[SPEAKING SPANISH]
So again when you're asking the patient what symptoms he or she has, or does she have, or does he have a certain symptom, you would start with [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and then you're going to fill in the blank with any of the symptoms or conditions in the chart that follows. If the person you're asking is not the patient, you'll ask [SPEAKING SPANISH] does she have, or [SPEAKING SPANISH], and then again choose a symptom or condition. The chart is organized by symptoms, so like symptoms and conditions are grouped together. Hopefully that will make it easier when you are finding the right symptom.
If the information or answer comes directly from the patient, you'll hear [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH], but if someone else is speaking on the patient's behalf you'll need to listen for [SPEAKING SPANISH] or [SPEAKING SPANISH] or just [SPEAKING SPANISH]. So just to review these forms-- [SPEAKING SPANISH] I have, he has, [SPEAKING SPANISH], she has, [SPEAKING SPANISH]. To ask do any of those people have, just reversed the order and its [SPEAKING SPANISH] do you have, and then fill in with the symptom or condition from the list that follows.
[MUSIC PLAYING]
It’s vital that you be able to understand the symptoms that a patient has. This lesson can be used as a reference when Spanish-speaking patients list their symptoms for you. You can also use it to determine what to ask of patients.
If a patient gives you information, they will use the first person ("yo") form of the verb. If you ask a patient a question about themselves (or even about someone else), you will use the third person ("usted," "él," and "ella") form of the verb.
1a. Using Ser and Estar
Use estar when discussing the following conditions:
English | Spanish | Pronunciation |
---|---|---|
I am… | Yo estoy… | yo ace-toy… |
Are you…? | ¿Está usted…? | ace-tah oo-staid… |
Is he/she…? | ¿Está él / ella…? | ace-tah ale / ay-yah… |
…pregnant | …embarazada | …aim-bare-ah-sah-dah |
…breast-feeding | …dándole de pecho | …don-doe-lay day pay-choh |
…contagious | …contagioso/a | …cone-tah-he-oh-so / sah |
…dizzy | …mareado/a | …ma-ray-ah-doe / dah |
Use ser when discussing the following condition:
English | Spanish | Pronunciation |
---|---|---|
I am hemophilic. | Yo soy hemofílico/a. | yo soy aim-oh-fee-lee-koh / kah |
Are you hemophilic? | ¿Es usted hemofílico/a? | ace oo-staid aim-oh-fee-lee-koh / kah |
Is he/she hemophilic? | ¿Es él / ella hemofílico/a? | ace ale / ay-yah aim-oh-fee-lee-koh / kah |
1b. Using Tener
For the rest of the conditions/symptoms that you will need to know, you can use the verb tener (to have). You can simply ask, ¿Tiene usted/él/ella ...? and listen for Yo tengo...
Here’s a sample dialogue to illustrate the use of the extremely important verb tener:
Patient: Estoy enfermo. (I'm sick.)
Pharmacist: ¿Tiene usted dolor (pain) de cabeza? (Do you have a headache?)
Patient: No. Tengo dolor del estómago. (No. I have a stomachache.)
Pharmacist: ¿Tiene usted la acidez del estómago? (Do you have heartburn?)
Patient: No. Tengo la diarrea. (No. I have diarrhea.)
Pharmacist: Usted debe tomar el Immodium A-D ®. (You should take Immodium A-D®.)
You will ask the patient ¿Tiene usted...? and then fill in the blank with any of the symptoms or conditions listed below.
Alternately, if the person you are asking is not the patient, you will ask ¿Tiene ella...? or ¿Tiene él...? and again fill in the blank with any of the symptoms or conditions in the chart that follows. The chart is organized by symptom (similar symptoms and conditions are grouped together).
If the answer/information comes directly from the patient, listen for (Yo) tengo.... If it comes from someone else, listen for Ella tiene... or Él tiene...
English | Spanish | Pronunciation |
---|---|---|
hunger (hungry) | hambre | ahm-bray |
thirst (thirsty) | sed | said |
sleepy | sueño | s'wayne-yo |
cold (temperature) | frío | free-oh |
hot | calor | kah-lore |
a fever | fiebre | fee-ay-bray |
difficulty breathing | dificultad en respirar | dee-fee-cool-todd ain race-pee-rar |
difficulty walking | dificultad en caminar | dee-fee-cool-todd ain kah-me-nar |
difficulty swallowing | dificultad en tragar | dee-fee-cool-todd ain trah-gar |
difficulty seeing | dificultad en ver | dee-fee-cool-todd ain bare |
difficulty sleeping | dificultad en dormir | dee-fee-cool-todd ain door-meer |
fatigue | la fatiga | la fah-tee-gah |
drowsiness | la somnolencia | la soam-no-lane-see-ah |
pain of the/ache in the (body part) | dolor de (body part) | doe-lore day |
headache | dolor de cabeza | doe-lore day kah-bay-sah |
stomach ache | dolor de estómago | doe-lore day ace-toe-mah-go |
sore throat | dolor de garganta | doe-lore day gar-gahn-tah |
migraine | una migraña | me-grahn-yah |
a cramp | un calambre | oon kah-lahm-bray |
menstrual cramps | dolor menstrual | doe-lore main-strew-all |
nausea | la náusea | la now-see-ah |
diarrhea | la diarrea | la dee-ah-ray-ah |
an upset stomach |
el revuelto del estómago OR trastorno estomacal |
ale ray-b'well-toe dale ace-toe-mah-go ale trass-tore-no ace-toe-mah-call |
heartburn | la acidez del estómago | la ah-see-dace dale ace-toe-mah-go |
indigestion | la indigestión | la een-dee-hace-tee-own |
vomiting spells | los vómitos | lohs bow-me-tohs |
constipation | el estreñimiento | ale ay-strain-yee-me-ain-toe |
lactose intolerance | la intolerancia a la lactosa | la een-toe-lay-rahn-see-ah ah la lack-toe-sah |
bronchitis | la bronquitis | la broan-key-tiece |
tonsillitis | la amigdalitis | la ah-meeg-dah-lee-tiece |
flu | la influenza/la gripe | la een-flu-ain-sah / la gree-pay |
a common cold | un resfriado / un catarro | oon race-free-ah-doe / oon kah-tah-row |
allergy symptoms | los síntomas de alergias | lohs seen-toe-mahs day ah-lair-he-ahs |
a cough | una tos | oo-nah tohs |
congestion | la congestión | la cone-hay-stee-own |
a runny nose | la mocosidad / la moquera | la moh-koh-see-dahd / la moh-kay-rah |
watery eyes | el líquido en los ojos | ale lee-key-doe ain lohs oh-hohs |
dry mouth | una boca seca | oo-nah bow-kah say-kah |
coldsores | las úlceras en los labios | lahs ool-say-rahs ain lohs la-bee-ohs |
mouth ulcers/canker sores | las úlceras en la boca | lahs ool-say-rahs ain la bow-kah |
a virus | un virus | oon bee-roose |
a bacteria | una bacteria | oo-nah bahk-tay-ree-ah |
a urinary tract infection | una infección del tracto urinario | oo-nah een-fake-see-own dale trahk-toe oo-ree-nah-ree-oh |
frequent urination | la orinación frecuente | la oh-ree-nah-see-own fray-k'wayne-tay |
ear infection | una infección del oído | oo-nah een-fake-see-own dale oh-ee-doe |
a yeast infection | los hongos | lohs own-gohs |
dizziness/light-headedness | el mareo | ale ma-ray-oh |
fainting spells | los desmayos | lohs dace-my-ohs |
weakness | la debilidad | la day-bee-lee-dahd |
a sleep disorder | un trastorno del sueño | oon trahs-tore-no dale s'wayne-yo |
weight loss | una pérdida de peso | oo-nah pair-dee-dah day pay-so |
weight gain | un aumento de peso | oon ow-main-toe day pay-so |
poor appetite | poco apetito | po-koh ah-pay-tee-toe |
a cut | una cortada | oo-nah core-tah-dah |
a wound | una herida | oo-nah air-ee-dah |
swelling/inflammation | una inflamación | oo-nah een-flah-ma-see-own |
a burn | una quemadura | oo-nah kay-ma-doo-rah |
sunburn | una quemadura de sol | oo-nah kay-ma-doo-rah day sole |
a burning during urination | una quemadura al orinar | oo-nah kay-ma-doo-rah all oh-ree-nar |
a bite/sting | una picadura | oo-nah pee-kah-doo-rah |
an itch | una picazón | oo-nah pee-kah-soan |
poison ivy | la hiedra venenosa | la yay-drah bay-nay-no-sah |
jock itch | la tiña inguinal | la teen-ya een-guee-nall |
athlete’s foot | el pie de atleta | ale pee-ay day at-lay-tah |
a callus | un callo | oon kah-yo |
a blister | una ampolla | oo-nah ahm-poe-yah |
acne | el acne | ale ahk-nay |
a rash | una erupción | oo-nah ay-roop-see-own |
chicken pox | la varicela | la ba-ree-say-la |
asthma | la asma | la ahs-ma |
angina | la angina | la ahn-he-nah |
glaucoma | el glaucoma | ale gla-ow-koe-ma |
cataract | la catarata | la kah-tah-rah-tah |
blurred vision | la visión nublada | la bee-see-own noo-blah-dah |
epilepsy | la epilepsia | la ay-pee-lape-see-ah |
ulcers | las úlceras | lahs ool-say-rahs |
a cyst | una quiste | oo-nah key-stay |
cancer | el cáncer | ale kahn-sair |
AIDS | la SIDA (syndrome d'immuno déficience acquise) | la see-dah |
arthritis | la artritis | la are-tree-tiece |
dysentery | la disentería | la dee-sane-tay-ree-ah |
ADHD | el trastorno de hiperactividad y un déficit de atención | ale trass-tore-no day ee-pair-ahk-tee-bee-dod ee oon day-fee-seat day ah-tain-see-own |
hepatitis | la hepatitis | la ay-pa-tee-tiece |
anemia | la anemia | la ah-nay-me-ah |
meningitis | la meningitis | la may-nane-he-tiece |
whooping cough | una tos ferina | oo-nah tohs fay-ree-nah |
diabetes | las diabetes | lahs dee-ah-bay-tace |
a blood clot | un coágulo | oon koh-ah-goo-low |
high cholesterol | un nivel alto de colesterol | oon nee-bail all-toe day koh-lace-tay-role |
high blood pressure | la hipertensión / la alta presión arterial | la ee-pair-tain-see-own / la all-tah pray-see-own are-tay-ree-all |
low blood pressure | la hipotensión / la baja presión arterial | la ee-po-tain-see-own / la ba-ha pray-see-own are-tay-ree-all |
a heart condition | una condición del corazón | oo-nah cone-dee-see-own dale koh-rah-soan |
a pacemaker | un marcapaso | oon marr-kah-pah-so |
a thyroid condition | una condición del tiroideo | oo-nah cone-dee-see-own dale tee-roy-day-oh |
a prostate condition | una condición de la próstata | oo-nah cone-dee-see-own day la pro-stah-tah |
a respiratory condition | una condición respiratoria | oo-nah cone-dee-see-own race-pee-rah-toe-ree-ah |
kidney disease | la enfermedad de los riñones | la ain-fair-may-dod day lohs reen-yo-nace |
lung disease | la enfermedad de los pulmones | la ain-fair-may-dod day lohs pool-moan-ace |
pneumonia | la pulmonía | la pool-mo-nee-ah |
Alzheimer’s disease | la enfermedad de Alzheimer | la ain-fair-may-dod day all-sigh-mare |
heart disease | la enfermedad del corazón | la ain-fair-may-dod dale koh-rah-soan |
STD | la enfermedad de transmisión sexual | la ain-fair-may-dod day trahns-me-see-own sake-sue-all |
venereal disease | la enfermedad venérea | la ain-fair-may-dod bay-nay-ray-ah |
liver disease | la enfermedad del hígado | la ain-fair-may-dod dale ee-gah-doe |
Note that dolor de... means a pain/ache in/of the.... So, "Tengo dolor de cabeza" means "I have a headache/I have a pain in my head."
But sometimes you will hear this instead: "Me duele la cabeza," which literally means "My head hurts me." They both convey the same meaning. If patients are talking about more than one body part, they will say, "Me duelen": "Me duelen las rodias" means "My knees hurt me." Just be aware that this is how some patients will phrase this, and that "Tengo dolor de..." and "Me duele..." essentially mean the same thing.
If you are struggling with a concept or terminology in the course, you may contact PharmacySpanishSupport@capella.edu for assistance.
If you are having technical issues, please contact learningcoach@sophia.org.
Source: This content has been adapted from "Pharmacy Spanish" by Stephanie Langston.