In this lesson, you will learn about the development and characteristics of an effective healthcare team. Specifically, this lesson will cover:
Development of an Effective Healthcare Team
Structure
Types
Stages
Characteristics of an Effective Healthcare Team
1. Development of an Effective Healthcare Team
In comparison with other industries, medical teams especially in the dynamic domains of healthcare (such as operating rooms, intensive care, emergency medicine, or trauma, and rapid response teams) work under conditions that:
change frequently
may be assembled ad hoc
have a dynamically changing team membership
often work for short periods of time
consist of specialists or several specialist crews
have to integrate different professional cultures
These teams are often referred to as "action teams". When examining effective teamwork, it is important to consider the specific requirements a team is confronted with. Not all medical teams are "action teams" and teamwork requirements may change based on the nature of the situation (e.g., routine vs. emergency).
1a. Structure
The structure of the task and the situation in which a team functions are critical to understanding and improving teamwork. Healthcare teams interact dynamically and have the common goal of delivering health services to patients. Teams in healthcare can be geographically located, as in a surgical unit, or include a single discipline such as nursing. Multidisciplinary teams may include doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and administrative staff. The role these practitioners will play will vary between teams and within teams. Patients and caregivers are important members of the team especially in regard to shared-decision making, informed consent, and taking an active part in their care.
1b. Types
The Team STEPPS™ program is an evidence-based framework to optimize team performance across the healthcare delivery system. It identifies a number of different but interrelated team types that support the delivery of care (AHRQ, 2020):
Types of Teams in Healthcare
Description
Core Teams
Team leaders and members who are directly involved in caring for the patient.
Coordinating Teams
Group responsible for daily operational management, coordination functions, and resource management
Contingency Teams
Formed for emergent or specific events (e.g., disaster, rapid-response). Members drawn from core teams
Ancillary Services
Individuals such as cleaners or staff who provide direct, task-specific, time-limited care to patients or support services that facilitate patient care.
Support services and administration
Individuals who provide indirect, task-specific services in a healthcare facility. Administration includes executive leadership of unit or facility and has 24-hour accountability for overall functioning of the organization.
1c. Stages
Research has shown that in order to become a highly effective team that is cohesive, and can navigate and overcome challenges, it usually passes through the following stages:
Forming: Typically characterized by ambiguity and confusion. Team members may be unclear regarding the task. They have not have chosen to work together and might communicate in a guarded, superficial, and impersonal manner.
Storming: A difficult stage when there may be conflict between team members and some rebellion against the assigned tasks. Team members may jockey for position and there may be frustration at a lack of progress on the task.
Norming: Open communication is established within the team and they are able to move on with the task at hand. Generally accepted procedures and communication pattern is established.
Performing: The team focuses all of its attention on attaining the goal. The team is now close and supportive, open and trusting, resourceful and effective
2. Characteristics of an Effective Healthcare Team
After the team is established and continues to grow, they will need to share certain characteristics to be successful.
Characteristics of a healthcare team include:
Possess specialized and complementary knowledge and skills
Realize their role and the roles of other in the team(s) and interact with one another to achieve a common goal
Make decisions
Often function under high-workload conditions
Act as a collective unit, as a result of the interdependency of the tasks performed by team members (Publications, 2020)
Authored by Cindy Ebner, MSN, RN, CPHRM, FASHRM
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