Variables by Jonathan Osters

Occurs when the effects of the treatments, if any, are indistinguishable from the potential effects of some other variable which was unaccounted for.

A variable which was not accounted for in a study, which limits the conclusions that the study can draw.

A variable that we believe is predictive of something else. An increase in this variable will correspond to an increase or decrease in some other variable.

A variable that is affected by the explanatory variable.

Any attribute or number that can be measured about individuals in a study.

Any variable which we need to know about in the context of a study.